Ozone Layer Update

1. Rai, L.C. & Mallick, N. 1998. Algal responses to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation. PINSA B64(2), 125 - 146.
2. Jordon, B. R. 1996. The effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on plants: A molecular perspective. Advances in Botanical Research, 22, 97 - 162.
3. Shanklin, J.D. 2001. British Antarctic Survey. Personal communication.
4. Roberts, L. 1989. Does the ozone hole threaten Antarctic life? Science, 244, 288 - 289.
5. Farman, J. C., Gardiner, B. G. & Shanklin, J. D. 1985. Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction. Nature, 315 (16), 207 - 210.
6. Shanklin, J.D. 2001. British Antarctic Survey Ozone Bulletin, 17 September 2001.
7. McPeters, R.D. 2001. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre. Personal communication.
8. Shanklin, J.D. 2000. British Antarctic Survey Ozone Bulletin, November 14, 2000
9. Solcomhouse Report. 2000. Based on NASA EP TOMS satellite data, 19 October 2000.
10. Bojkov, R, 2000. Update on the state of the ozone over Northern and mid-polar latitudes. World Meteorological Organisation, 16 March 2000.
11. Toon, O. Quoted in: Fox. M. 2000. Acid clouds destroy Arctic ozone - NASA. Reuters News Service
12. US Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Press Release, Scientists Discover New Keys to Arctic Ozone Loss. NOAA 2001-022. 8 February 2001.
13. Bonacina, F.1999. Ozone hole - cold spell in the European stratosphere? European Space Agency Press Release, Nr. 47-99.
14. European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit (EORCU). 2001. Ozone in the Arctic vortex in the 2000/2001 winter - informal status report. 21st February 2001.
15. 10 Bojkov, R, 2000. Update on the state of the ozone over Northern and mid-polar latitudes. World Meteorological Organisation, 16 March 2000.
16. Shindell, D.T., Rind, D. & Lonergan, P. 1998. Increased polar stratospheric ozone losses and delayed eventual recovery owing to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations. Nature, 392, 589 - 592.
17. Newman, P.A. 2000, Press briefing, American Geophysical Union’s Annual Fall Meeting, December 5, 2000
18. Chipperfield, M.P. & Jones, R.L. 1999. Relative influences of atmospheric chemistry and transport on Arctic ozone trends. Nature, 400, 551-554.
19. Shanklin, J. (2000). Quoted from ‘Costing the Earth’, BBC Radio Four.
20. Aldhous, P. 2000. Global Warming could be bad news for the Arctic Ozone Layer. Nature, 404, 531.
21. Salawitch, R.A. 1998. A greenhouse warming connection. Nature, 392, 551-552.
22. Fergusson, A & Wardle, D.I. 1998. Arctic ozone: the sensitivity of the ozone layer to chemical depletion and climate change. Environment Canada publication.
23. Clark, E.D. 2001. Ozone depletion and global climate change: linkages and interactive threats to the cetacean environment. Paper SC/53/E2 submitted to the International Whaling Commission Scientific Committee.

Impacts of Ozone Depletion

1. Karentz, D. 1991. Ecological considerations of Antarctic ozone depletion. Antarctic Science 3 (1), 3 - 11.
2. Madronich, S., McKenzie, R.L., Björn, L. O. & Caldwell, M.M. 1998. Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth’s surface. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 46, 5 - 19.
3. Clark, E.D. 2000. Ozone depletion: potential impact on the cetacean environment. Paper SC/52/E10 submitted to the International Whaling Commission Scientific Committee.
4. Häder, D.P., Worrest, H.D., Kumar, H.D. & Smith, C.S. 1995. Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on aquatic systems. Ambio, 24, 174-180.
5. Reznichenko, O.G., Tsikhon-Lukanina, E.A. & Lukasheva, T.A. 1999. Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Ocean Biota. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 25(1), 23-29.
6. Nixon, S. W. 1988. Physical energy inputs and the comparative ecology of lake and marine ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography, 33(4) pt2, 1005 - 1025.
7. McFadzen, I. Baynes, S., Hellam, J., Beesley, A. and Lowe, D. 2000. Histopathology of skin of UV-B irradiated sole (Solea solea) and turbot (Scopthalamus maximus) larvae. Marine Environmental Research 50, 273 - 277.
8. Pierce, B. 1996. Ozone layer hole causing fish cancer. Southern Fisheries, 4(3), 1.
9. Malloy, K.D., Holman, M.A., Mitchell, D. & Detrich III, H.W. 1997. Solar UVB-induced DNA damage and photoenzymatic DNA repair in Antarctic zooplankton. PNAS, 94, 1258-1263.
10. Lesser, M.P., Farrell, J.H. & Walker, C.W. 2001. Oxidative stress, DNA damage and P53 expression in the larvae of Atlantic Cod (Gadus Morhua) exposed to ultraviolet (290-400 nm) radiation. Journal of Experimental Biology, 204(1), 157-164.
11. McFadzen, I. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Pers. Comm. 2001.
12. UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) 1998. Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion: Update. van der Leun, J.C., Tevini, M. Tang, X. and Worrest, R.C. (eds). United Nations Environment Program, Nairobi.
13. UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) 1998. Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion: 1998 Assessment. United Nations Environment Program, Nairobi.
14. Slaper, H., Velders, G.J.M., Daniel, J.S., De Gruijl, F.R. and Van der Leun, J.C. 1996. Estimates of ozone depletion and skin cancer incidence to examine the Vienna Convention achievements. Nature, 384 256 - 258.
15. Arnold, F., Abseck, S., Longstreth, J. Pitcher, H. and Rubenstein, R. 1998. Health effects. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 46, 20 - 39.

Enforcing the Phase-out

1. Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA). 1997. Chilling Facts About A Burning Issue; CFC Smuggling in the European Union. EIA, London.
2. Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA). 1998. A Crime Against Nature; the Worldwide Illegal Trade In Ozone Depleting Substances. EIA, London.
3. Confidential personal communication to EIA, 2001
4. Miami Herald, 16 September 2000. Freon smuggler gets 6-month prison sentence.
5. Unpublished EIA internal report, 2001
6. Confidential personal communication to EIA, 2001
7. Confidential personal communication to EIA, 2001
8. Confidential personal communication to EIA, 2000
9. Confidential personal communication to EIA, 2001
10. New Straits Times, 6 February 2000
11. Confidential personal communication to EIA, 2000
12. UNEP-SEI Regional Workshop on Monit-oring and Control of ODS Consumption, Pattaya, Thailand, 22 - 26 May 2000